5 ENGLISH TEXT TYPES FOR GRADE 7 JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

ENGLISH TEXT TYPES

 Now, let's learn about Text types . In reading comprehension , for the 7th graders, they have to know about these text types. So,,, let's start.....................

         

I. REPORT TEXT

A.   DEFINITION

Report text "Report is a text which present information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analyses." [Report adalah sebuah teks yang menghadirkan informasi tentang suatu hal secara apa adanya. Teks ini adalah sebagai hasil dari observasi dan analisa secara sistematis.]

{Sumber : http://www.englishindo.com/2012/03/report-text-penjelasan-contoh.html#definition%20of%20report%20text
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B.   PURPOSE

The purpose of the text is :

Tujuan Komunikatif Report Text :

Tujuan komunikatif dari Report Text adalah menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis. Yang di deskripsi kan dapat meliputi gejala alami, lingkungan, benda buatan manusia, atau gejala-gejala sosial. Deskripsi sebuah Report Text dapat berupa kesimpulan umum, misalnya, ikan paus termasuk binatang mamalia karena ikan tersebut melahirkan anaknya.

C.   GENERIC STRUCTURE

The text consist of :

Dalam Report Text, terdapat struktur teks yang terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu:

1.    General Clasification

Pada bagian general clasification (klasifikasi umum) berisi pengenalan fenomena/ benda yang akan dibicarakan dengan menyertakan pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasi-nya.

2.    Description

Tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms of parts, qualities, habits or behaviors;

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Pada bagian Description (gambaran) terdiri dari gambaran dari fenomena/ benda yang didiskusikan dari bagian ke bagiannya, kebiasaan atau tingkah laku untuk benda hidup, ataupun kegunaannya untuk benda

secara detail.

D.   FEATURES/ CHARACTERISTICS

Dalam sebuah Report Text terdapat beberapa ciri-ciri kebahasaan (language features) seperti berikut ini: 

1.      Menggunakan general nouns, seperti ‘Reptiles in Comodo Insland’, dsb. 

2.      Menggunakan relating verbs untuk menjelaskan ciri, misalnya reptiles are scaly animals (ciri ini berlaku untuk semua reptilia), dsb. 

3.      Menggunakan action verbs dalam mejelaskan perilaku, misalnya lizards cannot fly, dsb. 

4.      Menggunakan present tense untuk menyatakan suatu yang umum, misalnya Komodo dragons usually weight more than 160 kg, dsb. 

5.      Mengguanakan istilah teknis/ ilmiah, misalnya water contains oxygen and hydrogen, dsb.

E.   THE EXAMPLE

The Pelican Report

General Clasification

The white pelican is one of the most successful fish-eating birds.

Description

The success is largely due to its command hunting behaviour. A group, perhaps two dozen birds, will gather in a curved arc some distance offshore. The birds then begin to move forward towards the shore,beating the water furiously with their wings, driving the fish before them.

  When the water is shallow enough for the birds to reach the fish, the formation breaks up as each bird dips its bill into the water to scoop up its meal. As the bird lifts its head, the water drains from its bill leaving the fish which are then swallowed. Pelicans are among the oldest group of birds, Fossils of this genus have been found dating back 40 million years.

Report Text – Panda

Have you known panda? How are pandas look like? Well,pandas are mammal. It means that pandas bear live babies. They  feed the babies on milk.

Panda is like bear. their bodies are typical. It has two dominant colors, white and black. Panda’s fur is seen dominantly in white or snowy. While the legs, ears, eyes, and also the muzzle are covered with black fur.

Formerly, panda lived in South and East China. It was also found in part of Myanmar and Vietnam. Today, panda is seen a lot in forest area in Sinchuan, Gangsu, and Shaanxi of China

Panda looks cute however it is actually a wild animal. It is like a bear. Because it has strength, panda potentially becomes a frightful animal.

          Descriptive Text dan Report Text yang mempunyai kesamaan dalam hal tujuan komunikatif (Social Function) dan sturktur kalimatnya (Generic Structure). Tetapi jika kita menganalisisnya dengan cermat, perbedaan antara ke-duanya akan nampak.

Tujuan dari kedua teks tersebut adalah untuk memberikan deskripsi langsung mengenai objek. Antara Descriptive Text dan Report Text lebih mencoba untuk menunjukan dari pada memberitahu pembaca tentang kondisi fakta dari objek tersebut.  Jika kita berbicara tentang misalkan Mobil yang di tulis dalam bentuk Report Text, teks tersebut akan berbicara mengenai mobil secara umum; bagian-bagiannya, kekuatannya, dan fungsinya secara umum selayaknya mobil. Sedangkan jika mobil dideskripsikan dengan Descriptive Text, maka mobil tersebut merujuk ke jenis mobil tertentu misalnya mobil balap, mobil truk dan yang lainnya, yang tentunya dengan ciri-ciri sertifikasi-nya; warna, jenis roda, warna, dll.

II.         DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

A.    DEFINITION :

    Description, seperti dijelaskan oleh Kane (2000: 352), diartikan seperti pada kalimat di bawah ini : Description is about sensory experience—how something looks, sounds, tastes. Mostly it is about visual experience, but description also deals with other kinds of perception.

{Sumber Artikel: http://www.englishindo.com/2012/07/descriptive-text.html
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Secara khusus, descriptive text adalah, "...... is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing." [teks yang menjelaskan gambaran seseorang atau benda. Tujuannya adalah mengambarkan atau mengungkapkan orang, tempat atau benda tertentu]

B.    PURPOSE

ü To describe a particular person, place or thing using fact.

C.    GENERIC STRUCTURE

ü Identification : { identifying the phenomenon to be described.} berisi tentang identifikasi hal / seorang yang akan dideskripsikan.

ü  Description :{describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.} berisi tentang penjelasan / penggambaran tentang hal / seseorang dengan menyebutkan beberapa sifatnya.

{Sumber Artikel: http://www.englishindo.com/2012/07/descriptive-text.html
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D.    FEATURES/ CHARACTERISTICS

ü Begins with an introductory statement.

ü Systematically describes different aspect of the subject.

ü May end with a conduding statement.

ü Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.

ü Using s Using simple present tense; Borobudur is well-known,The temple is constructed, etc

E.     THE EXAMPLE

Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is Hindu – Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.

Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia.

Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.

          

Referensi :

Kane, Thomas. S. 2000.The Oxford Essential Guide to Writing. New York: Barkley Books.

Sumber Artikel: http://www.englishindo.com/2012/07/descriptive-text.html
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https://pakpuguh.wordpress.com/2011/08/12/description-text/diunduh tgl. 4 Mei 2015}

III.       NARRATIVE TEXT

A.   DEFINITION :

B.   PURPOSE

·           Teks Narasi atau " Narrative Text" bertujuan untuk:
“ to amuse or entertains the readers” {menghibur para pembaca}

·          Tujuan Komunikatif Narrative Text seperti yang dijelaskan di atas adalah untuk menghibur pendengar atau pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita masa lampau yang bertalian dengan pengalaman nyata, khayal atau peristiwa-peristiwa pelik yang mengarah ke suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya menemukan suatu penyelesaian".

C.   GENERIC STRUCTURE

·           Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana) 

·           Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)

·           Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".

D.   FEATURES/ CHARACTERISTICS

v Mengunakan Action Verb dalam bentuk Past Tense. Misalnya : Climbed, Turned, Brought, dsb.

v Menggunakan Nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita. Misalnya : the king, the queen, dsb.

v Menggunakan Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase. Misalnya : long black hair, two red apples, dsb.

v Menggunakan Time Connectives dan Conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian. Misalnya : then, before, after, soon, dsb.

v Menggunakan Adverbs dan Adverbial Phrase untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa. Misalnya : here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dsb.  

E.   THE EXAMPLE

Snow White

(Orientation)

Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead. 

(Complication)

One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.

 
(Resolution) 

Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep. Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White. ” Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and finally Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.

{Sumber : http://www.englishindo.com/2013/08/narrative-text.html#sthash.hNTKkP0H.dpuf}

IV.        PROCEDURE TEXT

A.   DEFINITION :

PENGERTIAN PROCEDURE TEXT Ada tiga definisi "umum" mengenai procedure text :

a)      Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax.

b)      Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules.

c)       Texts that deal with human behaviour eg how to live happily, how to succeed.

Ø  Dari keterangan di atas, dapat kita garis bawahi bahwa procedure text adalah:

a)       Teks yang menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu bekerja atau teks yang menjelaskan cara menggunakan pedoman instruksi / penggunaan. contoh : cara menggunakan video, komputer, mesin fotokopi, fax dll.

b)      Teks yang menunjukan cara melakukan aktifitas tertentu. contoh : resep, aturan bermain game, eksperimen ilmiah, aturan keamanan berkendara.

c)       Teks yang berhubungan dengan tingkah laku manusia. contoh : cara hidup bahagian, cara sukses. dll.

B.          PURPOSE

Ø The purpose procedural text is to tell the reader how to do or make something.

Ø The information is presented in a logical sequence of events which is broken up into small sequenced steps.

C.          GENERIC STRUCTURE

 (1) Goal (Maksud atau tujuan)

(2) Material Needed (Materi / alat / bahan yang dibutuhkan)

 (3) Methods or Steps (Metode / langkah-langkah)

D.         FEATURES/ CHARACTERISTICS

v  These texts are usually written in the present tense.

v  The most common example of a procedural text is a recipe.

{Sumber Artikel: http://www.englishindo.com/2014/04/procedure-text.html
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E.        THE EXAMPLE

1) How to Make a Roasted Duck

Ingredients:

A single (650 grams) duck and cut into 4 parts

2 teaspoons of lime juice

1/2 teaspoon of ground pepper

1/2 teaspoon of salt

4 tablespoons of soy sauce

An enough cooking oil

Subtle Seasonings:

11 grains of red onion

4 cloves of garlic

1/2 teaspoon of pepper

1/2 teaspoon of cumin

2 cm of ginger

1 teaspoon of coriander

2 1/2 teaspoon of salt

Procedure:

1. Marinate the duck with the lime juice, salt, and pepper powder. Let it for 20 minutes.

2. Stir the spices, soy sauce, and cooking oil. Marinate the duck with seasoning mixture. Let it

     for 2 hours while tingling.

3. Roast duck while keep to lubricate by the seasoning and stir them until cooked enough.

5. The roasted duck is ready to be served.

{sumber: http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2014/01/16-contoh-procedure-text-how-to-make-dalam-bahasa-inggris.html}

F.          EXERCISE

V.     RECOUNT TEXT

A.    DEFINITION :

v  Recount text is a text that telling the reader about one story, action or activity.

B.    PURPOSE

“To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining”{ untuk menghibur atau memberi informasi kepada pembaca}

C.    GENERIC STRUCTURE

1)  Orientation : It gives the readers the background  information  needed to understand the text, such as who was involved, where it happened, and when it happened.

2)  Events : A series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence.

3)  Re-orientation :A personal comment about the event or what happened in the end.

Orientation, yaitu memberikan informasi tentang siapa, dimana, dan kapan kegiatan itu berlangsung.
– Events, kejadian atau kegiatan yang terjadi, yang biasanya disampaikan dalam urutan kronologis
– Re-orientation, biasanya berupa rangkuman, rentetan peristiwa. Atau terkadang berupa komentar pribadi / ungkapan penilaian tentang kegiatan tersebut.

D.    FEATURES/ CHARACTERISTICS

v Using the simple past tense, past continuous tense, past perfect tense, and past perfect continuous tense.

v Using temporal sequence, e.g. On Saturday. On Monday, On Sunday

v  Focus on specific participant, e.g. I (the writer)

v Using the conjunctions, such as: then, before, after, etc.

v Using action verd, e.g. went, stayed

E.     THE EXAMPLE

Being Late

Last morning, Dinar, my roommate woke up late and she had to go to campus.
When she wanted to take her motorcycle, in fact she couldn’t move it because there were some motorcycles that blocked up her motorcycle.
She tried to move all of the motorcycles, so that her motorcycle could move from the garage. But she couldn’t do it.
Then, she called Adel who had that motorcycle which blocked it up. After that, her friend who had that motorcycle helped her. Finally, she could move her motorcycle and rode it to go to campus.

GOD BLESS US