Narrative Text adalah satu dari 13 jenis teks bahasa inggris (genre) yang lahir dari kalangan Narration (lihat Types Of Text) sepertihalnya Recount Text, Anecdote Text, Spoof Text dan News Items Text yang mana berfungsi untuk menceritakan kisah masa lampau dan untuk hiburan.
Teks Narasi atau " Narrative Text" bertujuan untuk:
* Amuse or entertains the readers = Menghibur para pembaca.
"Tujuan Komunikatif Narrative Text seperti yang dijelaskan di atas adalah untuk menghibur pendengar atau pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita masa lampau yang bertalian dengan pengalaman nyata, khayal atau peristiwa-peristiwa pelik yang mengarah ke suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya menemukan suatu penyelesaian".
B. Generic structure / Struktur Teks :
Setiap jenis teks bahasa Inggris (genre) memiliki struktur teks-nya sendiri-sendiri. Struktur dari Narrative Text terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu :
1. Orientation
Pada bagian Orientation atau pengenalan berisi tentang pengenalan tokoh dalam cerita serta waktu dan tempat kejadiannya.
2. Complication
Pada bagian Complication berisi tentang gambaran munculnya krisis atau masalah yang di alami oleh tokoh pada cerita tersebut yang harus dipecahkan.
3. Resolution
Pada bagian Resolution berisi tentang bagaiman tokoh dari cerita tersebut memecahkan masalah yang ada pada bagian Complication. Biasanya terdapat lebih dari satu Resolution untuk satu Complication.
Pada beberapa referensi tentang Narrative Text, terdapat tambahan generic structure pada Narrative Text, yaitu penambahan Coda setelah Resoultion. Jadi susunan Narrative text adalah Orientiation, Complication, Resolution dan Coda.
Coda adalah bagian terakhir dari structure Narrative Text yang berisi perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita tersebut.
- Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
- Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)
- Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".
- Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
- Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)
- Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".
- Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
- Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)
- Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".
- Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
- Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)
- Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".
- Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
- Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)
- Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".
C. Ciri- ciri Narrative text :
Mengunakan Action Verb dalam bentuk Past Tense. Misalnya : Climbed, Turned, Brought, dsb.
Menggunakan Nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita. Misalnya : the king, the queen, dsb.
Menggunakan Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase. Misalnya : long black hair, two red apples, dsb.
Menggunakan Time Connectives dan Conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian. Misalnya : then, before, after, soon, dsb.
Menggunakan Adverbs dan Adverbial Phrase untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa. Misalnya : here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dsb.
D. Contoh teks Narration/ Narrative text :
1. Cinderella
Once upon a time, there lived an unhappy young girl with her stepmother and two step sisters who didn't like her. All the nice things, kind thought and loving touches were for her own daughters. But, for the poor unhappy girl, there was nothing at all. For she had to work hard all day, and only when evening came was she allowed to sit for a while by the fire, near the cinders. That is how she got her nickname, for everybody called her Cinderella.
It was quite true. Cinderella, even dressed in rags with a dusty gray face from the cinders, was a lovely girl. While her stepsisters, no matter how splendid and elegant their clothes, were still clumsy, lumpy, and ugly.
One day, a ball was to be held by the royal family of the kingdom to find the prince's spouse. Cinderella's stepsisters ordered beautiful new dress for the ball. Cinderella wanted to go to the ball but her stepmother asked her to stay at home.
"You? My dear girl, you're staying at home to wash the dishes, scrub the floor and turn down the beds for your stepsisters. They will come home tired and very sleepy." asked her stepmother.
Cinderella only nodded her head and began to work. Suddenly something amazing happened. In the kitchen, where Cinderella was sitting all by herself, there was a burst of light and a fairy appeared.
"Don't be afraid Cinderella, I know what you feel, my dear. Do you want to go to ball?" asked the fairy.
"Yes, I do. But look! How can I go to the ball with this dress? Cinderella replied.
Then the fairy turned Cinderella's dress became the most beautiful dress and with beautiful slippers, the loveliest ever seen in the realm. The fairy also turned a pumpkin into a parking coach and turned the mice become six white horses.
"Now, you can go to the Court and go to the ball. But remember my dear Cinderella, you must leave the ball at midnight and come home. For that is when the spell ends. Your coach will turn back into a pumpkin, the horses will become mice and you will be dressed again in rags with clogs.
At the ballroom, Cinderella amazed everybody there include the prince. When the prince set eyes on Cinderella, he was stuck by her beauty. Walking over to her, he bowed deeply and asked her to dance. Cinderella had a wonderful time at the ball. But, all of a sudden, she heard the sound of a clock, the first stroke of midnight.
Remembered what the fairy had said, Cinderella ran back to the coach and went home. But he lost one of her slippers in ballroom. The prince who was now madly in love with her, picked up her slipper and would search for the girl whose foot fitted with the slipper.
In the next morning, the prince began to search everywhere in the kingdom but no girl whose foot fitted with the slipper. Until he found Cinderella house and asked Cinderella's stepsisters to wear the slipper. But none fitted with the slipper. The prince began hopeless.
"Is there any girl else here" Asked the prince.
"Yes, there are. But she is very ugly and I think she is not the girl that you are looking for." replied Cinderella's stepmother.
"Call her here!" Asked the prince.
Then Cinderella's stepmother called Cinderella to come out who was dressed in rags and wore clogs like usual. The prince began to wear the slipper into Cinderella foot, and it was fit.
The prince believed that Cinderella was the girl he met in the ball. Then the prince asked Cinderella to marry him. And at the end, Cinderella and the prince lived happily ever after in the kingdom.
2. Snow White
(Orientation) Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.
(Complication) One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
(Resolution) Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”
3. Queen of Arabia and Three Sheiks
Maura, who like to be thought of as the
most beautiful and powerful queen of Arabia, had many suitors. One by
one she discarded them, until her list was reduced to just three sheiks.
The three sheiks were all equally young and handsome. They were also
rich and strong. It was very hard to decide who would be the best of
them.
The following day, the queen invited the
three sheiks to dinner at her palace. She ordered her servant to give
each one exactly what they had given her the evening before. Hakim, who
received a plate of delicious meat, refused to eat it if the other two
sheiks could not share it with him.
This Sheik Hakim’s act finally convinced
Queen Maura that he was the man for her. “Without question, Hakim is
the most generous of you” she announced her choice to the sheiks. “So it
is Hakim I will marry”.
4. The Smartest Animal
Once there was a farmer from Laos. Every morning and every evening, he ploughed his field with his buffalo.
One day, a tiger saw the farmer and his
buffalo working in the field. The tiger was very surprised to see a big
animal listening to a small animal. The tiger wanted to know more about
the big animal and the small animal.
The tiger asked; “can you tell me how intelligent he is?”. “No, I can’t tell you”, said the buffalo; “but you can ask him”
So the next day the tiger asked to the
man; “Can I see your intelligence?”. But the man answered; “it at home”.
“Can you go and get it?” asked the tiger. “Yes” said the man; “but I am
afraid you will kill my buffalo when I am gone. Can I tie you to a
tree?”
After the man tied the tiger to the
tree, he didn’t go home to get his intelligence. He took his plough and
hit the tiger. Then he said; “Now you know about my intelligence even
you haven’t seen it.
5. Blind Listening
A stupid man was sent by his father to
sell salt. He first went to a mining area but nobody there wanted his
salt. When he returned home, his father told him that if he had helped
the miners to dig, they would have bought his salt.
The man next went to a house where a
wedding was taking place. There he dug a huge hole. This made the people
angry and they chased him away. When he returned home, his father told
him that if he had beaten a drum and danced instead, the people there
would have bought salt from him.
Then, he went to a village where there
happened to be a fire. Rushing to the place, he started drumming and
dancing, only to be thrown out by the people. His father told him that
he should have poured water on the fire instead, if he wanted to sell
salt there.
In the next place he went to, a couple
were fighting with each other. The foolish man poured a bucketful of
water on them, again to be chased away. His father later told him that
he should have tried to settle the quarrel, in which case they would
have bought salt from him.
In the final event, the man saw two
bulls fighting with each other. He stepped in to stop the fight and was
gored to death by angry bulls.
6. Money Isn′t Everything
Donald, Daisy, Huey, Louie and Dewey all
went to visit Uncle Scrooge one cold autumn day. They knocked at the
door and had to wait a long time before all the bolts were undone. Even
then Uncle Scrooge looked very suspicious, as if they were Beagle Boys
in disguise. The old miser was very surprised to see them all.
"Have you got a sore throat, Great- Uncle Scrooge?" chirped Louie.
"Don't be cheeky, Louie!" scolded Daisy.
"Stuff and nonsense!" croaked
Uncle Scrooge. "I have got a sore throat! The young lad's right."
"Sorry to hear that, Uncle," said Donald sympathetically. "Should I send Dewey out to get you some cough
drops?"
"No. They cost too much money nowadays," complained the old miser. "I'd rather suffer the tickle in my throat."
"You don't seem very happy, Uncle Scrooge," soothed Daisy.
"Mind your own business!" snapped Uncle Scrooge.
"Poor old Great-Uncle Scrooge," chirped Dewey, who had jumped up to sit on his Great-Uncle's knee.
"What do you mean—poor Great- Uncle Scrooge!" chuckled Uncle Scrooge. "I've got more money than Fort Knox."
"What I meant," explained Dewey, "was
that I had a sore throat too, and I hardly have any money. But I bought
some cough drops." With that Dewey pulled out his box of cough drops and
gave them to Uncle Scrooge.
"You can have my cough drops, Uncle," smiled Dewey, "because they cured my sore throat."
Uncle Scrooge didn't know what to say. But one great big tear rolled down his face.
"Poor Great-Uncle Scrooge," echoed the triplets.
7. The Smartest Parrot
Once upon time, a man had a wonderful
parrot. There was no other parrot like it. The parrot could say every
word, except one word. The parrot would not say the name of the place
where it was born. The name of the place was Catano.
At the first, the man was very nice to
the bird but then he got very angry. “You stupid bird!” pointed the man
to the parrot. “Why can’t you say the word? Say Catano! Or I will kill
you” the man said angrily. Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot
would not say it. Then the man got so angry and shouted to the bird over
and over; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”. The bird kept not to say the
word of Catano.
One day after he had been trying so many
times to make the bird say Catano, the man really got very angry. He
could not bear it. He picked the parrot and threw it into the chicken
house. There were four old chickens for next dinner “You are as stupid
as the chickens. Just stay with them” Said the man angrily. Then he
continued to humble; “You know, I will cut the chicken for my meal. Next
it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid parrot”. After that he
left the chicken house.
8. Toba Lake
Once upon time, there was a fisherman who lived in North Sumatra. One day, when he was fishing in a river, he got a big fish, beautiful big fish. He was so excited. Then he went home and put the fish in the bucket. But when he wanted to kill the fish, he felt so pity with it.
In the next day, he went fishing again.
But this time, he could not get any fish. He was so hunggry. Then he
went home with empty-handed. After got there, he was surprised, there
was a girl there.
“Who are you?” asked the fisherman.
“I’m the fish” replied the girl.
The fisherman looked at the bucket where he took the fish yesterday.
“You didn’t kill me yesterday, and I’m very thankful. I will return your kindness” continued the girl.
“well, I lived alone. I don’t have any family. If you want to be my wife, I will be happy” asked the man.
“Ok, but you have to promise to me. if we have children, don’t tell him about me. If you tell him, the very bad thing will happen.” The girl said.
“I’m the fish” replied the girl.
The fisherman looked at the bucket where he took the fish yesterday.
“You didn’t kill me yesterday, and I’m very thankful. I will return your kindness” continued the girl.
“well, I lived alone. I don’t have any family. If you want to be my wife, I will be happy” asked the man.
“Ok, but you have to promise to me. if we have children, don’t tell him about me. If you tell him, the very bad thing will happen.” The girl said.
Finally, the fisherman and the fish girl
were married. And had a child named Samo. Samo was very naughty boy, he
always play with his friends and never help his parents.
One day, Samo was asked to deliver lunch
to his father. But on the way to his father, he met his friends and
play with them till he forgot to deliver the meal. Meanwhile his father
waited with tired and hungry and finally the father decided to go home.
On the way to home he saw Samo.
“Samo… where is my lunch” asked his father.
“Mmmmm…. I ate it dad.” replied samo.
“why you eat my lunch” asked his father angrily.
“I’m hungry after play with my friends, I’m sorry dad” Samo said.
“you are naughty samo, don’t come home anymore. You, damn fish’s son” said his father angrily.
“Mmmmm…. I ate it dad.” replied samo.
“why you eat my lunch” asked his father angrily.
“I’m hungry after play with my friends, I’m sorry dad” Samo said.
“you are naughty samo, don’t come home anymore. You, damn fish’s son” said his father angrily.
Becasue the father broke his promise,
suddenly the sky was getting dark and the rain fallen down. The water
was getting higher and higher. Samo’s mother was sad and transformed to
be a fish again. Samo run to the hill and stayed there. The water drowns
the village. Then the hill surrounded by the lake.
Now the lake was known as Lake Toba (no marcy) and the hill in the middle of the lake was called Samosir (evicted Samo) island.9. Malin Kundang
Long long time ago, there was a poor family consist of a mother and her son named Malin Kundang. Because of her husband had left her, the mother should worked alone.
Malin was smart boy but little naughty.
When he was getting old, Malin felt sorry with his mother and asked for
finding a job in big city.
“Mom, I want to go to big city to find a job” asked Malin.
“don’t leave me alone, son” said his mother.
“let me go Mom” said Malin.
“Ok, but remember, don’t forget me and this village when you succeed there” said his mother.
“Ok, but remember, don’t forget me and this village when you succeed there” said his mother.
The next day Malin went to the big city
by a ship. After for years worked hard in the big city, he became rich
man, he had many merchant ships. And he had married with a beautiful
lady there. The news that Malin become rich man came to his mother. His
mother felt so happy to hear that. She always waited her son came back
in the beach every day, but Malin never came.
One day Malin’s wife want to see Malin’s
mother. So Malin prepare the voyage to his village with big and
beautiful ship to see his mother. Finally Malin came to his village with
his wife. His mother had waited Malin in the beach.
“Is that you, Malin? I’m your mother, you remember” asked the mother.
“I don’t know who are you old poor lady” said Malin.
“is that your mother Malin?” said Malin’s wife
“No, I don’t have old ugly poor mother like this” Malin said.
Hearing her son said like that, the mother felt sad and angry.
“Oh my mighty God, if he is my son, I cruse him and please turn him be a stone” the mother said.
“Oh my mighty God, if he is my son, I cruse him and please turn him be a stone” the mother said.
Then the wind and storm rumbled and hit Malin’s ship. And after that, Malin’s body became stone and allied with the reef.
Terjemah
Malin Kundang
Dahulu kala, tersebutlah sebuah keluarga miskin yang terdiri dari seorang ibu dan anaknya yang bernama Malin Kundang. Karena ayahnya telah meninggalkanya, sang ibu harus berkerja sendiri.
Malin Kundang
Dahulu kala, tersebutlah sebuah keluarga miskin yang terdiri dari seorang ibu dan anaknya yang bernama Malin Kundang. Karena ayahnya telah meninggalkanya, sang ibu harus berkerja sendiri.
Malin adalah anak yang pintar tapi
sedikit nakal. Ketika dia sudah dewasa, dia merasa kasihan pada ibunya
dan miminta untuk mencari sebuah pekerjaan di kota besar.
“bu, saya ingin pergi ke kota besar untuk mencari pekerjaan” pinta Malin.
“jangan tinggalin ibu sendiri, nak” kata sang ibu.
“biarkan saya pergi bu” kata malin.
“baiklah, tapi ingat, jangan lupakan aku dan desa ini ketika kamu sukses di sana” kata sang ibu.
“baiklah, tapi ingat, jangan lupakan aku dan desa ini ketika kamu sukses di sana” kata sang ibu.
Keesokan harinya Malin pergi ke kota
besar menggunakan sebuah kapal. Setelah beberapa tahun berkerja keras,
dia menjadi orang kaya, dia mempunya banyak kapal dagang. Dan dia sudah
menikah dengan wanita cantik disana. Berita tentang malin yang menjadi
orang kaya sampai lah ke ibunya. Sang ibu sangat senang mendengarnya.
Dia selalu menunggu di pantai setiap hari, tetapi Malin tak pernah
datang.
Suatu hari istirinya Malin ingin bertemu
dengan Ibunya Malin. Sehingga malin menyiapkan perjalanan menuju
desanya menggunakan kapla besar yang cantik. Akhirnya Malin datang ke
desanya. Ibunya sudah menunggunya disana.
“apa itu kamu Malin? Ini ibu mu, kamu ingat” Tanya sang Ibu.
“saya tidak kenal kamu wanita tua miskin” kata Malin.
“apakah dia ibu mu Malin?” Tanya istri malin.Mendengar anaknya berkata seperti itu, sang ibu merasa sedih dan marah.
"Oh tuhan ku yang kuasa, jika dia adalah anak ku, Saya kutuk dia dan ku mohon rubahlah dia menjadi batu" kata sang ibu.
Kemudian angin dan petir bergemuruh dan menghantam kapalnya malin. Setelah itu, Tubuh Malin menjadi batu dan menyatu dengan karang.
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